Spark is the command-line interface (CLI) for CodeIgniter 4. It allows you to generate controllers, models, migrations, and other files, manage databases, run development servers, inspect routes, clear caches, and perform maintenance tasks.
To completely test a CRUD REST API developed with Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Spring Data JPA, JUnit 5, and Mockito, I recommend combining unit tests, MVC slice tests, JPA repository tests, and full integration tests.
Mockito is a Java mocking framework used in unit testing to create fake objects, simulate method responses, and verify interactions between objects.
In Symfony, configuration options are spread across the official documentation, YAML configuration files in your project, and the configuration reference for each component.
Mocking is one of the most important techniques in PHP unit testing. It allows you to test a class without executing its real dependencies, such as database connections, HTTP requests, external APIs, email services, or other classes.
Symfony 8 uses PHP attributes extensively to configure controllers, routing, dependency injection, validation, security, Doctrine ORM entities, event listeners, and more.
Spring MVC is a Java framework for web applications and REST APIs. Its annotations handle routing, request data, validation, responses, and errors. Some commonly used annotations come from the broader Spring ecosystem or Jakarta Validation rather than Spring MVC itself.
JPA (Jakarta Persistence API) maps Java objects to relational database tables. Modern applications use `jakarta.persistence.*`; older applications use `javax.persistence.*`. Hibernate and EclipseLink are JPA implementations.
PHP attributes, introduced in PHP 8.0, let developers attach structured metadata to classes, methods, properties, functions, parameters, and constants. They are conceptually similar to Java annotations and are widely used by Symfony and Doctrine.
Java annotations add metadata (additional information) to Java code. They are widely used in Spring Boot, Jakarta EE, Hibernate, and JUnit.